{"id":32745,"date":"2021-11-15T12:47:26","date_gmt":"2021-11-15T04:47:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.raffles-university.edu.my\/?page_id=32745"},"modified":"2025-01-08T09:03:37","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T01:03:37","slug":"malaysian-higher-education-system","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/","title":{"rendered":"Malaysian Higher Education System"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"32745\" class=\"elementor elementor-32745\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aea3226 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aea3226\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d37295\" data-id=\"7d37295\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9c4865 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f9c4865\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u83b1\u4f5b\u58eb\u6559\u80b2\u96c6\u56e2<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3901cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3901cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">NATIONAL <br>HIGHER EDUCATION <br>SYSTEM<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9e66ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9e66ca\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3a0dbc\" data-id=\"b3a0dbc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d96e0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2d96e0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Raffles_University_Convocation_202216-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-41353\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Raffles_University_Convocation_202216-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Raffles_University_Convocation_202216-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Raffles_University_Convocation_202216-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Raffles_University_Convocation_202216-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Raffles_University_Convocation_202216.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72198fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72198fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">National Higher Education System of Malaysia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9694b6 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9694b6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-73c49dd\" data-id=\"73c49dd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc132aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc132aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>The Education Act of 1996 stipulates that the National Education System shall comprise five levels: pre-school education; primary education; secondary education; post-secondary education; and higher education. The six years of primary education are compulsory education. There are three main streams in the upper secondary education: academic (science\/arts); technical and vocational; and religious. Students going on to a university or university college are required to complete a 1\u20132 year pre-university programme (Form 6 or Matriculation). A student will therefore typically receive 12-13 years of education in order to be accepted into a university (Table 1).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-bbab52e\" data-id=\"bbab52e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d49612 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d49612\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SUCCESS<br> BY<br> DESIGN!<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a99f8f0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a99f8f0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-11126b6\" data-id=\"11126b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c4281 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a7c4281\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Table 1: Types of education courses and standard learning years<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83ea508 elementor-tabs-view-vertical elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"83ea508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1381\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1381\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Pre-School Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1382\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1382\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Primary Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1383\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1383\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Secondary Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1384\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1384\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Post-Secondary Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1385\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1385\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Higher Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1381\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Pre-School Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1381\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1381\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\"><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Entry Requirement <\/strong><strong>(for Higher Education)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><strong>Minimum duration of study <\/strong><strong>(year)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"197\"><strong>Typical Education Provider<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\"><strong>Pre-school education<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">\u2013<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">1-2<\/td>\n<td width=\"197\">Kindergarten<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1382\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Primary Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1382\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1382\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\"><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Entry Requirement <\/strong><strong>(for Higher Education)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><strong>Minimum duration of study <\/strong><strong>(year)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"197\"><strong>Typical Education Provider<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\"><strong>Primary education (compulsory education)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">\u2013<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"197\">Primary school<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1383\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Secondary Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1383\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1383\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><table><tbody><tr><td width=\"179\"><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td><td width=\"208\"><strong>Entry Requirement <\/strong><strong>(for Higher Education)<\/strong><\/td><td width=\"113\"><strong>Minimum duration of study <\/strong><strong>(year)<\/strong><\/td><td width=\"197\"><strong>Typical Education Provider<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"179\"><strong>Secondary Education<\/strong><\/td><td width=\"208\">\u00a0<\/td><td width=\"113\">\u00a0<\/td><td width=\"197\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"179\">Lower Secondary<\/td><td width=\"208\">\u2013<\/td><td width=\"113\">3<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"197\">Secondary School<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"179\">Upper Secondary<\/td><td width=\"208\">\u2013<\/td><td width=\"113\">2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1384\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Post-Secondary Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1384\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1384\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><div class=\"vc_tta-panels-container style-1\">\n<div class=\"vc_tta-panels\">\n<div id=\"1611202757872-051a2ed2-5ab9\" class=\"vc_tta-panel\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div id=\"1611203195659-7af7be0b-56cc\" class=\"vc_tta-panel\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div id=\"1611203297751-94127242-84d8\" class=\"vc_tta-panel\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div id=\"1611203400384-9e8f06e6-3be2\" class=\"vc_tta-panel vc_active\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div class=\"vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\"><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Entry Requirement <\/strong><strong>(for Higher Education)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><strong>Minimum duration of study <\/strong><strong>(year)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"197\"><strong>Typical Education Provider<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\"><strong>Post-Secondary Education<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"197\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">e.g. Form 6 Matriculation<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">\u2013<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">1-2 (depends on course)<\/td>\n<td width=\"197\">Secondary School, College, Vocational Institution, University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1385\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Higher Education<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1385\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1385\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><div class=\"vc_tta-panels-container style-1\">\n<div class=\"vc_tta-panels\">\n<div id=\"1611202757872-051a2ed2-5ab9\" class=\"vc_tta-panel\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div id=\"1611203195659-7af7be0b-56cc\" class=\"vc_tta-panel\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div id=\"1611203297751-94127242-84d8\" class=\"vc_tta-panel\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div id=\"1611203400384-9e8f06e6-3be2\" class=\"vc_tta-panel\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div id=\"1611203555698-49d7c389-9770\" class=\"vc_tta-panel vc_active\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div class=\"vc_tta-panel-body\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\"><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"208\"><strong>Entry Requirement <\/strong><strong>(for Higher Education)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"113\"><strong>Minimum duration of study <\/strong><strong>(year)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"197\"><strong>Typical Education Provider<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\" width=\"697\"><strong>Higher Education<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Certificate<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">SPM with 1 credit or equivalent<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">1\u00bc<\/td>\n<td width=\"197\">College<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed\u5b66\u4f4d<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">SPM with 3 credits or equivalent<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">2<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"197\">College, University College, University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Advanced Diploma<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">SPM with 3 credits or equivalent<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Bachelor<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">STPM, A-levels, Diploma or equivalent<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"197\">University College, University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Master\u2019s Degree\n(Coursework \/ Mixed Mode)<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">Bachelor\u2019s Degree or equivalent<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"197\">University College, University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Master\u2019s Degree\n(Research)<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">Bachelor\u2019s Degree or equivalent<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"197\">University College, University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Doctoral Degree\n(Coursework \/ Mixed Mode \/ Research)<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">Master\u2019s Degree or equivalent<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"197\">University College, University<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"179\">Other<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2a6a32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2a6a32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"vc-row-wrapper vc_inner vc_row-fluid dfd-inner-row-6191b63f78f7c\"><div class=\"row wpb_row\"><div class=\"vc-column-hover-6191b63f79594 columns twelve\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Institutions of higher education in Malaysia provide courses for awarding certificate, diploma, bachelor, masters, and doctoral qualifications within the Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF) (see Table 2 below).<\/p><p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Public-Funded Higher Education Institution<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc-row-wrapper vc_inner vc_row-fluid dfd-inner-row-6191b63f79acc\"><div class=\"row wpb_row\"><div class=\"vc-column-hover-6191b63f79d4f columns twelve\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>\u2013 funded by the Government and are governed as self-managed institutions. These include public universities, polytechnics, community colleges and public colleges<\/p><p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Private-funded higher educational institutions<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>\u2013 established under Private Higher Educational Institutions Act 1996 and include private universities, private colleges and foreign university branch campuses.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">Public universities, which are government-funded, are categorised into three groups: research universities, comprehensive universities, and focused universities.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><ol><li><strong>Research universities<\/strong> are public universities recognised by the national government in 2006 to become leading research and educational institutions. They receive a higher subsidy for research. As of November 2013, there are five research universities: University of Malaya, University of Science, Malaysia, National University of Malaysia, Putra University, Malaysia, and University of Technology, Malaysia.<\/li><li><strong>Comprehensive universities<\/strong> are public universities that offer a wide range of education in pre-undergraduate, undergraduate, and postgraduate programmes.<\/li><li><strong>Focused universities<\/strong> are public universities that offer education focused on specific fields such as engineering\/technical, education, management, and defence.<\/li><\/ol><p>Private universities and university colleges are degree granting institutions. Private universities and university colleges are able to confer degrees at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels as well as diploma programmes only.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dcaf751 elementor-section-height-full elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dcaf751\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-85a3e37\" data-id=\"85a3e37\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c66fb9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"c66fb9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80ab03b\" data-id=\"80ab03b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1f76d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b1f76d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"MQF\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MALAYSIAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-78fe944 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"78fe944\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7da317d\" data-id=\"7da317d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c289378 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c289378\" data-element_type=\"widget\" id=\"MQF\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MALAYSIAN QUALIFICATION FRAMEWORK<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0d723f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0d723f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF) is a national framework that classifies all qualifications and academic levels in post-secondary education hierarchically based on a set of criteria that are approved nationally and benchmarked against international best practices. MQF includes not only qualifications of academic education but also qualifications of skills education and vocational education and supports diverse pathways for learners. All qualifications conferred in post-secondary education must conform to the MQF.<\/p><p>The MQF divides qualifications in Malaysia into eight levels (Table 2) and specifies the levels of learning outcomes and minimum credit required (Table 3) as well as the number of notional learning hours per credit. All qualifications conform to the MQF with the intention of enabling comparison to other qualifications, facilitating recognition, and promoting student mobility. Regarding learning outcomes in particular, the MQF clearly specifies the levels required for each qualification in the eight domains listed below.<\/p><p>Eight domains of learning outcomes:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4bae07a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4bae07a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-019b4bd\" data-id=\"019b4bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4474cca elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"4474cca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">KNOWLEDGE<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"200\" data-to-value=\"1\" data-from-value=\"1\" data-delimiter=\",\">1<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e95570\" data-id=\"0e95570\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f47ab2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"f47ab2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">PRACTICAL SKILLS<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"2\" data-from-value=\"2\" data-delimiter=\",\">2<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6cbd6d\" data-id=\"e6cbd6d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0dc7eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"b0dc7eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">SOCIAL SKILLS AND RESPONSIBILITIES<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"3\" data-from-value=\"3\" data-delimiter=\",\">3<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9dcb2aa\" data-id=\"9dcb2aa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86732a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"86732a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">VALUES, ATTITUDES AND PROFESSIONALISM<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"4\" data-from-value=\"4\" data-delimiter=\",\">4<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-2368681 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2368681\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-697ebb0\" data-id=\"697ebb0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-131accb elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"131accb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">COMMUNICATION, LEADERSHIP AND TEAM SKILLS<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"200\" data-to-value=\"5\" data-from-value=\"5\" data-delimiter=\",\">5<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c938e16\" data-id=\"c938e16\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7a8f07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"e7a8f07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">PROBLEM SOLVING AND SCIENTIFIC SKILLS<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"6\" data-from-value=\"6\" data-delimiter=\",\">6<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-20d8981\" data-id=\"20d8981\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2597c3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"2597c3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND LIFELONG LEARNING SKILLS<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"7\" data-from-value=\"7\" data-delimiter=\",\">7<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4172aa8\" data-id=\"4172aa8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45a33e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-counter\" data-id=\"45a33e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"counter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-title\">MANAGERIAL AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS<\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-counter-number-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-prefix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number\" data-duration=\"2000\" data-to-value=\"8\" data-from-value=\"8\" data-delimiter=\",\">8<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-counter-number-suffix\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f27690c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f27690c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Learning outcomes in each qualification are referenced whenever looking at educational quality and level and are used in curriculum design, establishment of credit hours, and the evaluation of student achievement. Additionally, learning outcomes can be achieved through various channels besides formal learning, and a feature of the Malaysian system is that learning outcomes achieved through experiential learning, including non-formal learning and learning outside of school, can be assessed and recognised in the system of Accreditation of Prior Experiential Learning (APEL).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ea0efb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ea0efb3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7a9f35e\" data-id=\"7a9f35e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-ce372cb\" data-id=\"ce372cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-674b1bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"674b1bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Table 2: Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF): Sectors and levels of qualifications<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"47\"><strong>Level<\/strong><\/td><td colspan=\"3\" width=\"429\"><strong>Sectors<\/strong><\/td><td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"90\"><strong>Lifelong Learning<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><strong>Skills<\/strong><\/td><td width=\"132\"><strong>Vocational and Technical<\/strong><\/td><td width=\"161\"><strong>Academic<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"47\">8<\/td><td width=\"132\">\u2013<\/td><td width=\"132\">\u2013<\/td><td width=\"161\">\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d<\/td><td rowspan=\"8\" width=\"90\"><p>Accreditation of prior experiential learning<\/p><p>(APEL)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"47\">7<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td width=\"161\">\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d<br \/>Postgraduate Diploma<br \/>Postgraduate Certificate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"47\">6<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td>\u2013<\/td><td width=\"161\">Bachelor<br \/>Graduate Diploma<br \/>Graduate Certificate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"47\">5<\/td><td width=\"132\">Advanced Diploma<\/td><td width=\"132\">Advanced Diploma<\/td><td width=\"161\">Advanced Diploma<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"47\">4<\/td><td width=\"132\">\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed\u5b66\u4f4d<\/td><td width=\"132\">\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed\u5b66\u4f4d<\/td><td width=\"161\">\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed\u5b66\u4f4d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"47\">3<\/td><td width=\"132\">Certificate 3<\/td><td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"132\">Certificate<\/td><td width=\"161\">Certificate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"47\">2<\/td><td width=\"132\">Certificate 2<\/td><td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"161\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"47\">1<\/td><td width=\"132\">Certificate 1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-10e7c4e\" data-id=\"10e7c4e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-ca44bc4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ca44bc4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e14194c\" data-id=\"e14194c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-e7a52d9\" data-id=\"e7a52d9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2788b84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2788b84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n<strong>Table 3: Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF): Minimum credit<\/strong>\n(Adapted from Malaysian Qualifications Framework, p. 14)\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"75\"><strong>MQF Level<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"198\"><strong>Qualification<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"161\"><strong>Minimum Credit<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"75\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">Doctoral<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">No given credit value<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"75\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">Research Masters\nFully or Partly Taught Masters\nPostgraduate Diploma\nPostgraduate Certificate<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">No given credit value\n40\n30\n20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"75\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">Bachelor\u2019s Degree\nGraduate Diploma*\nGraduate Certificate*<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">120\n60\n30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"75\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">Advanced Diploma<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"75\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed\u5b66\u4f4d<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"75\">1-3<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">Certificate\nSkills Certificate<\/td>\n<td width=\"161\">60\nAccording to skills &amp; levels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n*Additional of 6 credits must be added to fulfil the General Module (Mata Pelajaran Umum, MPU) requirement.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc-column-hover-6191b63f84778 columns two\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e04811\" data-id=\"4e04811\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b7409e elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"9b7409e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b517ee elementor-section-height-full elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b517ee\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8a9bc0c\" data-id=\"8a9bc0c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db56fef\" data-id=\"db56fef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cea4e13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cea4e13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MALAYSIAN QUALIFICATION AGENCY<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2530674 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2530674\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b82cd3a\" data-id=\"b82cd3a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a44d19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7a44d19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b325e83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b325e83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>The quality assurance system and MQF are equally applied to all public and private higher education providers. It is a shared responsibility between the MQA as a quality assurance body and the higher education providers in order to effectively enhance quality of higher education through good quality assurance practices.<\/p><p>External evaluations in Malaysia consist of <strong>Provisional Accreditation<\/strong> and <strong>Full Accreditation<\/strong>.<\/p><p><strong>Provisional Accreditation<\/strong> indicates that the programme has fulfilled the minimum requirement for it to be offered for consumption by learners. It is also a condition for a programme to be approved by the Ministry of Education.<\/p><p><strong>Full Accreditation<\/strong> following a programme audit by an external MQA panel of auditors, stating that the programme has met the relevant programme\u2019s standards, in compliance with the requirements of the MQF observing all aspects of Good Practice as advocated through MQA\u2019s Code of Practice for Programme Accreditation (COPPA).<\/p><p>Another type of external evaluation is the <strong>Institutional Audit.<\/strong> The Institutional Audit could be comprehensive or thematic. It could take the form of periodic academic performance audit on the higher education provider or to establish the continuation or maintenance of programme accreditation status. These evaluations are on voluntary basis. Nevertheless, obtaining accreditation can be mandatory by the government policy, eligibility for student loan and to get recognition by the government. Table 4 illustrates the summary of the external evaluation carried out by MQA.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5288ab2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5288ab2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Table 4: Types of external evaluations by MQA<\/strong><\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d15df7e elementor-tabs-view-vertical elementor-widget elementor-widget-tabs\" data-id=\"d15df7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2191\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2191\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Provisional Accreditation<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2192\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2192\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Accreditation<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2193\" class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2193\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Institutional Audit<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2191\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Provisional Accreditation<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2191\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2191\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"false\"><p>Provisional Accreditation<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td width=\"86\">Purpose<\/td><td width=\"149\">An evaluation to determine whether the programme proposals from the higher education provider met the minimum standards, before the programme begins.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Evaluation timing<\/td><td width=\"149\">Before a programme is offered.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Type<\/td><td width=\"149\">Programme-based<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Evaluator<\/td><td width=\"149\">MQA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2192\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Full Accreditation<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2192\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2192\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><p>Full Accreditation<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td width=\"86\">Purpose<\/td><td width=\"149\">An evaluation to determine whether the delivery of a programme has met all the criteria and standards set for the purpose of Full Accreditation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Evaluation timing<\/td><td width=\"149\">First cohort of students reaches their final year.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Type<\/td><td width=\"149\">Programme-based<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Evaluator<\/td><td width=\"149\">MQA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-tab-title elementor-tab-mobile-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2193\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Institutional Audit<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2193\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2193\" tabindex=\"0\" hidden=\"hidden\"><div id=\"tabid_6191b63f87e4c\" class=\"dfd_tabs_block\"><div class=\"vc_tta-container\" data-vc-action=\"collapse\"><div class=\"vc_general vc_tta vc_tta-tabs vc_tta-style-style-1 vc_tta-spacing-5 vc_tta-gap-20 vc_tta-tabs-position-left vc_tta-controls-align-left vc_tta-controls-size-md  dfd_tta_tour hide_separator    style-1\"><div class=\"vc_tta-panels-container style-1\"><div class=\"vc_tta-panels\"><div id=\"1611640899759-ac8fba97-d4f6\" class=\"vc_tta-panel vc_active\" data-vc-content=\".vc_tta-panel-body\"><div class=\"vc_tta-panel-body\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Institutional Audit<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td>\u00a0<\/td><td width=\"123\">Maintenance Audit<\/td><td width=\"120\">Academic Performance Audit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Purpose<\/td><td width=\"123\">Periodic audit conducted after gaining Full Accreditation.<\/td><td width=\"120\">An audit for the purpose of verifying data, public policy input or for the rating of institutions and programmes.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Evaluation timing<\/td><td width=\"123\">At least once in five years after programme accreditation status is gained.<\/td><td width=\"120\">As and when necessary.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Type<\/td><td colspan=\"2\" width=\"245\"><p>Institution-based<\/p><p>(by faculty or across faculties)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"86\">Evaluator<\/td><td width=\"123\">MQA<\/td><td width=\"120\">MQA<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79fdda4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"79fdda4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4501e5 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4501e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb2d0ea\" data-id=\"fb2d0ea\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe38039 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe38039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">MALAYSIA QUALIFICATION STATEMENT\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c5c1c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c5c1c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">RU PROGRAMMES<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-4e6e026 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4e6e026\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c9880e\" data-id=\"7c9880e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43e245d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43e245d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>POSTGRADUATES<\/strong><\/p><p>\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb<br \/>\u5de5\u5546\u7ba1\u7406\u7855\u58eb\uff08MBA\uff09<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\" data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"30\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"15\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>FACULTY OF AI &amp; ROBOTICS<\/strong><\/p><p>\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\" data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"30\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"15\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>FACULTY OF ARTS &amp; DESIGN<\/strong><\/p><p>\u670d\u88c5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<br \/>\u5e73\u9762\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<br \/>\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<br \/>\u670d\u88c5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed<br \/>\u6570\u7801\u6e38\u620f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed<br \/>\u89c6\u89c9\u4f20\u8fbe\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\" data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"30\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"15\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>FACULTY OF BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND REGENERATIVE DESIGN<\/strong><\/p><p>\u5ba4\u5185\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<br \/>\u5ba4\u5185\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-c47b45f\" data-id=\"c47b45f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0c9702 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d0c9702\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>\u5546\u4e1a\u5b66\u7cfb\u9662<\/strong><\/p><p>\u7ba1\u7406\u5546\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<br \/>Bachelor of Business (Honours)(Accountancy)<br \/>\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/MQS-BAC-v1.3-20-Jan-2021.pdf\">\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<\/a><br \/>\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed<br \/>\u5546\u79d1\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\" data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"30\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"15\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p><p>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\uff08\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff09<br \/>\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5927\u4e13\u6587\u51ed<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"dfd-spacer-module\" data-units=\"px\" data-wide_resolution=\"1280\" data-wide_size=\"30\" data-normal_resolution=\"1024\" data-normal_size=\"\" data-tablet_resolution=\"800\" data-tablet_size=\"\" data-mobile_resolution=\"480\" data-mobile_size=\"15\">\u00a0<\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p><strong>FOUNDATION<\/strong><\/p><p>\u5546\u79d1\u9884\u79d1<br \/>\u6587\u79d1\u9884\u79d1<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>RAFFLES EDUCATION NATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM National Higher Education System of Malaysia The Education Act of 1996 stipulates that the National Education System shall comprise five levels: pre-school education; primary education; secondary education; post-secondary education; and higher education. The six years of primary education are compulsory education. There are three main streams in the upper [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":36616,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32745","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Malaysian Higher Education System - Raffles University<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Each of the RU programme has been properly designed and structured to align with the guideline of Jabatan Pendidikan Tinggi (JPT) which is also known as Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Malaysian Higher Education System - Raffles University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Each of the RU programme has been properly designed and structured to align with the guideline of Jabatan Pendidikan Tinggi (JPT) which is also known as Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Raffles University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-08T01:03:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Squared3.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"7 \u5206\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/\",\"name\":\"Malaysian Higher Education System - Raffles University\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Squared3.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-15T04:47:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-08T01:03:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"Each of the RU programme has been properly designed and structured to align with the guideline of Jabatan Pendidikan Tinggi (JPT) which is also known as Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Squared3.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Squared3.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":800},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Malaysian Higher Education System\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/\",\"name\":\"Raffles University\",\"description\":\"Success by Design\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Raffles University\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"zh-Hans\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Blackbackground_Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Blackbackground_Logo.png\",\"width\":179,\"height\":72,\"caption\":\"Raffles University\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Malaysian Higher Education System - Raffles University","description":"\u83b1\u4f5b\u58eb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u4f9d\u636e\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6307\u5357\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ca\u6392\u5217\u3002","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/","og_locale":"zh_CN","og_type":"article","og_title":"Malaysian Higher Education System - Raffles University","og_description":"Each of the RU programme has been properly designed and structured to align with the guideline of Jabatan Pendidikan Tinggi (JPT) which is also known as Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)","og_url":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/","og_site_name":"Raffles University","article_modified_time":"2025-01-08T01:03:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Squared3.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u9884\u8ba1\u9605\u8bfb\u65f6\u95f4":"7 \u5206"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/","url":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/","name":"Malaysian Higher Education System - Raffles University","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Squared3.jpg","datePublished":"2021-11-15T04:47:26+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-08T01:03:37+00:00","description":"\u83b1\u4f5b\u58eb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u90fd\u4f9d\u636e\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u5e9c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6307\u5357\u6240\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ca\u6392\u5217\u3002","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"zh-Hans","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Squared3.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Squared3.jpg","width":800,"height":800},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/malaysian-higher-education-system\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Malaysian Higher Education System"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#website","url":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/","name":"\u83b1\u4f5b\u58eb\u5927\u5b66","description":"Success by Design","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"zh-Hans"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#organization","name":"\u83b1\u4f5b\u58eb\u5927\u5b66","url":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"zh-Hans","@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Blackbackground_Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Blackbackground_Logo.png","width":179,"height":72,"caption":"Raffles University"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/12"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32745"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":61354,"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32745\/revisions\/61354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/raffles-university.edu.my\/cn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}